46 A GRAMMAR OF THE
RULE IX. Many abstract nouns are made by the help of പ്പം added
to adjectives; in which case the adjective is abbreviated; as,
| വലിയ, | Great. | വലിപ്പം, | Greatness. |
| പെരുത്ത, | Many. | പെരുപ്പം, | Numerousness. |
| കടുത്ത, | Hard. | കടുപ്പം | Hardness. |
| ചെറിയ, | Small. | ചെറുപ്പം, | Smallness. |
RULE X. Privation, or contrariety, is denoted by prefixing the letter
അ to nouns; or affixing the particle കെട, signifying loss; from the
verb കെടുന്നു to lose, spoil, &c. In the same sense ഇല്ലായ്മ, softened
down from ഇല്ലായ്ക, a verbal noun from the imperfect negative verb
ഇല്ല; not to have, or to be; and ക്ഷയം signifying waste, decay, are
affixed to words; as,
| അശുദ്ധത, | Unholiness; | from | അ | and | ശുദ്ധത, | Holiness. |
| പ്രാപ്തികെട, | Disability; | „ | കെട | „ | പ്രാപ്തി, | Ability. |
| സ്നെഹമില്ലായ്മ, | Uncharitableness; | „ | ഇല്ലായ്മ | „ | സ്നെഹം, | Love. |
| മാനക്ഷയം, | Disrepute; | „ | ക്ഷയം | „ | മാനം, | Honor. |
RULE XI. Many nouns are formed from Verbs and Participles the
nature of which, will be more clearly understood, when the Student has
made himself acquainted with the verbs; but for the sake of easy reference
the formation of such nouns will be here pointed out; thus,
Neuter verbal nouns are formed from the present tense of verbs.
1st. By dropping the last syllable ഉന്നു from verbs that end in
ക്കുന്നു; as,
| Present Tense. | Verbal noun. |
|---|---|
| സ്നെഹിക്കുന്നു, To love. | സ്നെഹിക്ക, Love or Loving. |
| വായിക്കുന്നു,To read. | വായിക്ക, Reading. |
2nd. If there by no ക in the present tense, the last consonant is
dropped, and a single ക added; as,
| Present Tense. | Verbal noun. |
|---|---|
| കുത്തുന്നു, To pierce, stab. | കത്തുക, A stabbing. |
| മാന്തുന്നു,To scratch. | മാന്തുക, A scatching. |
In a few instances, nouns are made from the last class of verbs, by
dropping ഉന്നു, and adding ഉക; as,
| Present Tense. | Verbal noun. |
|---|---|
| വരുന്നു, To come. | വരിക, A coming. |
