44 A GRAMMAR OF THE
the last letter, sometimes the last syllable, of the noun is dropped and ൻ
affixed to the remainder of the word; as,
| കള്ളം, | Falsehood, Theft. | കള്ളൻ, | Thief, Liar. |
| അശുദ്ധം, | Uncleanness. | അശുദ്ധൻ, | Unclean, Unholy (man.) |
| ഭൊഷത്വം, | Folly. | ഭൊഷൻ, | Fool. |
| നീചത്വം. | Vileness. | നീചൻ, | Vile (man.) |
The feminine, of many of these words, is formed by adding ഇ, instead
of ൻ, കള്ളൻ,—കള്ളി: ഭൊഷൻ,—ഭൊഷി.
Others are formed by the help of a participle and feminine pronoun: as,
അശുദ്ധൻ,-അശുദ്ധിയുള്ളവൾ.
In a few cases of words, derived from the Sanscrit, the Sanscrit termi-
nation of the feminine is retained; as,
| From | നീചത്വം, | comes | നീചാ, | A vile woman. |
| „ | ദുഷ്ടത, | „ | ദുഷ്ടാ, | Bad woman. |
RULE III. A few nouns, ending with the vowel sound of അ, take
the termination ൻ, without any abbreviation, or change of the letters; as,
| വയസ്സ, | Age. | വയസ്സൻ, | Aged man. |
| മൂപ്പ, | Ripeness. | മൂപ്പൻ, | Old man. |
Rule IV. Many nouns ending in ം, are made personal by ആൻ.
In these cases, the ം is dropped, and to render the pronunciation smooth,
a വ is inserted between the noun and affix. Nouns of this kind that
end in ഇ retain all their letters and take മ between the noun and affix; as,
| ശൌൎയ്യം, | Valour. | ശൌൎയ്യവാൻ, | Valiant (man.) |
| ഭാഗ്യം, | Blessedness, Luck. | ഭാഗ്യവാൻ, | Happy, „ |
| ശക്തി, | Strength. | ശക്തിമാൻ, | Strong, „ |
| ബുദ്ധി, | Sense; Prudence. | ബുദ്ധിമാൻ, | Sensible, „ |
Feminine nouns are made from masculines that end in വാൻ, by
dropping ആൻ, and adding തി; as,
ശൌൎയ്യവാൻ,—ശൌൎയ്യവതി. ഭാഗ്യവാൻ,—ഭാഗ്യവതി.
Nouns ending in മാൻ, usually make the feminine with the participle
and pronoun; as, ബുദ്ധിയുള്ളവൾ. In the same way may be made
feminine nouns from those ending in വാൻ; as, ഭാഗ്യമുള്ളവൾ.
Rule V. A few nouns ending in ം, drop the ം and the Sanscrit
