32 A GRAMMAR OF THE
3rd. കൊണ്ട, With, by.
4th. കാൾ, Than. A particle of comparison.
38. Particles requiring the ablative case of nouns ending in ഇൽ.
1st. കൂടി, Through. This is the past tense of the verb കൂടുന്നു, to
join. Used as a particle it has the above meaning; as,
അവൻ ആറ്റിൽ കൂടി നടന്നു. He walked through the river.
കൂടി is generally confounded with കൂടെ, but this is not correct: കൂടെ
requires the 2nd ablative with; as,
ഞാൻ അവനൊട കൂടെ പൊയി. I went with him.
2nd. വെച്ച is the past participle of the verb വെകുന്നു to lay; or
place down. Used as a particle, it signifies among, as though, being
there. It joins with nouns in the ablative, and with adverbs.
Sometimes it is used with the nominative, but in that case, എന്ന
must be inserted between the noun and particle.
39. The following are the interjections in common use.
| കഷ്ടം, ഹാ കഷ്ടം, | Alas! | Expressing | horror. |
| ആയൊ, | Ah! Alas! | ,, | grief, or astonishment. |
| അപ്പാ, | Ah! | ,, | wonder. |
| അഃ. | Ah! | ,, | surprise. |
| കണ്ടാലും, | Behold. | Used to excite attention. | |
Besides the above more common forms; the heathen frequently express
astonishment by repeating the names of their favorite Deities; thus ശി
വ ശിവ, Shewa-Shewa.
ശിവ ശിവ ഇനിക്ക വന്ന സംകടം ഇന്ന പ്രകാര എന്ന
പറവാൻ വഹിയ.
Shewa-Shewa the kind of affliction that happened to me cannot be
described.
ETYMOLOGY OF NOUNS.
40. To Malayalim Nouns belong, Gender, Number, and Case.
GENDER.
41. The genders are Masculine, Feminine, Common, and Neuter.
