12 A GRAMMAR OF THE
| പ,, | subscribes another പ; as, … … | പ്പ. |
| ബ, | the same as, : … … … … | ബ്ബ |
| sometimes thus, : … … … | ബ്ബ. | |
| ഭ, | is doubled thus, … … … … | ഭ്ഭ. |
| മ, | takes another മ; as, … … … | മ്മ, |
| ല, | is reduplicated by this mark subscribed; as | ല്ല. |
| ശ, | subscribes another ശ; as, … … … | ശ്ശ. |
| ഷ, | occasionally subscribes another ഷ; as, … | ഷ്ഷ. |
| സ, | takes another സ underneath; as, … … | സ്സ. |
| റ, | takes another റ; but, as before observed, it is always in such a state of combination, to be con- sidered and pronounced as tt, not r. … |
റ്റ. |
OF THE COMPOUND CONSONANTS.
15. Some consonants combine with others of a different name; of
these, a few change their form in the state of combination; and others
retain their original shape.
The consonants that change their form when united with other con-
sonants; are
1st ര & ർ. The letter ര is changed into , and ർ into (ൎ).
In the former case the mark is affixed to the right side of a consonant,
drawn underneath it from right to left, and pronounced after it; as ക്ര kra.
The other mark is placed over a consonant and pronounced before it;
thus ൎക rka.
2nd. ല. This letter, in combination, assumes the form before men-
tioned, viz. ; and is pronounced after the letter with which it unites;
thus ക and ല, ക്ല kla.
3rd വ. This character, united with other consonants, assumes this
form , is postfixed to consonants, and pronounced after them; as ക and
വ, ക്വ kwa.
4th. യ. In combination assumes this form , and is pronounced
last; as ക and യ, ക്യ kya.
5th. ഞ. This nasal unites with the first letter of its own order; thus
ഞ and ച, ഞ്ച Ncha.
