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small, that they can be perceived only by a microscope and there
are some, which have a weight of 800 lbs. The smallest parti
cle of one shows the same form which the original crystal pos
sesses. Also these crystals are a proof of divine thought per
vading all regions of the universe, from the systems of planets
or fixed stars down to microscopical particles of matter. Water,
uniting with neutral bodies or salts, forms crystals and water in
this solid state is called "water of crystallization". In such
crystals we have water in its solid state as well as in ice. The
transition from the uncrystallized into the crystallized state of
a body is accompanied by a motion in the most minute parts of
the liquid, by which the phenomenon of light is produced (if the
liquid is shaken). The same substances only once give light
by crystallization, if dissolved again and exposed to crystalliza
tion no light will be seen.
§ 157. 2) All these processes are influenced in many ways.
We know of bodies, which instead of melting (fusing) are de
composed (paper, wood, wool); others seem to be refractory, but
this perhaps only because we are at a loss to produce the neces
sary heat.
§ 158. Each body melts only at a fixed temperature.
| Hammered iron at | 1600° C | Lead at | 334° C |
| Soft " " | 1500° — | Bismuth " | 256° — |
| Steel at | 1800-1400° — | Tin " | 230° — |
| Cast iron " | 1050-1200° — | Sulphur " | 109° — |
| Gold at | 1250° — | Wax " | 68° — |
| Silver " | 1000° — | Stearin " | 49° — |
| Antimony " | 432° — | Ice " | 0° — |
| Zinc " | 360° — | Turpentine " | - 10° — |
| Mercury " | - 40° — | ||
§ 159. Solidfication is not only accompanied by a disen
gagement of heat; in some cases also a material increase of the
