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iv.) Portuguese words such as 'pintárikka' (= to paint),
'pérakka' (= the guava fruit), 'lélam' (= auction).
v.) English nouns such as 'áspatri' (=hospital), 'ripporṭu'
(= report), 'akṭu' (= act).
183. Which is the most important class of foreign deri-
vatives?
Those derived from the Sanskrit.
184. How many classes are there of Sanskrit derivatives?
Two, viz. tatsama (=the very same), and tadbhava
(=of the same nature).
185. What is a tatsama Sanskrit derivative?
A word which retains the same crude-form which it
had in Sanskrit.
Ex: ‘mukham' (= face), jyéshṭan’ (= elder brother), 'ḍhakka'
(= a big drum), 'varsham' (= year), 'nirváham' (= means,
remedy) are tatsamas.
186. What is a tadbhava Sanskrit derivative?
It is a word derived from a Sanskrit word but cor-
rupted.
Ex: 'mukam', 'éṭṭan', 'chéṭṭan', 'uṭakkŭ', varisham', 'nir̥u-
váham' are the tadbhavas of the above talsamas.
187. Are there no rules for the changes which Sanskrit
words undergo in becoming tadbhavas?
The changes are so various that it is difficult to ex-
plain them in brief; but they may be deduced from a
careful investigation of the following examples:
