68 A GRAMMAR OF THE
Exceptions.
| PRESENT. | PAST. |
|---|---|
| ആഴുന്നു, | ആണ്ടു, to sink. |
| തല്ലുന്നു, | തല്ലി, to strike. |
| ചൊല്ലുന്നു, | ചൊല്ലി, to speak. |
9th. Verbs which end in ളുന്നു, if the preceeding letter be short,
make the past in ണ്ടു; as,
| PRESENT. | PAST. |
|---|---|
| ഉരുളുന്നു, | ഉരുണ്ടു, to roll. |
| ഇരുളുന്നു, | ഇരുണ്ടു, to become dark. |
| കരളുന്നു, | കരണ്ടു, to gnaw. |
| വരളുന്നു, | വരണ്ടു, to wither. |
There are a few anomalies; as,
| PRESENT. | PAST. |
|---|---|
| കാണുന്നു, | കണ്ടു, to see. |
| പെറുന്നു, | പെറ്റു, to bring forth. |
DIVISIONS OF THE PAST TENSE.
95. That part of speech which corresponds to, what in English gram-
mars is usually designated, the imperfect tense, may, in the Malayalim
language, be conveniently and correctly divided into two parts; which
for want of more definite terms I shall call the past and the past progress-
sive tense.
PAST TENSE.
96. The past tense, which in Malayalim represents an action, or event,
as wholly past and finished, in the sense of the English phrases, I went,
you loved, &c., is expressed by the simple past tense; as,
| ഞാൻ പൊയി, | I went. |
| അവൻ വന്നു, | He came. |
| നിങ്ങൾ സ്നെഹിച്ചു, | You loved. |
| അവർ കെട്ടു, | They heard. |
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE.
97. This tense20 represents the past time in which some occurrence
20 See para 104 respecting the tense.
