54 A GRAMMAR OF THE
relative pronoun; for this reason it will be of assistance to divide them
into two kinds under the appellation of relative, and verbal participles.
67. The present participle always ends in ന്ന: the past, has various
terminations according to the conjugation of the verb; as,
| PRESENT. | PAST. | |
|---|---|---|
| Participle. | വരുന്ന, Coming. | വന്ന, Come. |
| „ | പൊകുന്ന, Going. | പൊയ, Gone. |
| „ | ചൊല്ലുന്ന, Speaking. | ചൊല്ലിയ Spoken. |
| „ | പഠിക്കുന്ന, Learning. | പഠിച്ച, Learned. |
| „ | ചെയ്യുന്ന, Doing. | ചെയ്ത, Done. |
68. When any of the above forms has reference to a noun following
in the sentence; or when a noun or pronoun is affixed to it; the participle
becomes a relative of any gender, number, or case; and the relative refers,
not as in English, to the word going before, but to that which follows it.
The relative is understood to be included in the last letter of the participle,
and in such a case as the sentence may require.
69. To impress this subject upon the memory, as well as to facilitate
the reading of Native Works; I shall here insert a number of examples
of words of this kind written in two ways; selecting nouns whose initial
letters are vowels, and consequently most liable to mutation.
1st. Examples of words affixed to the present participles.
ചൊല്ലുന്നവൻ—ചൊല്ലുന്നവൻ, He who is speaking.
ചൊല്ലുന്നാൾ—ചൊല്ലുന്ന ആൾ, The person who is speaking.
ചൊല്ലുന്നിവൾ—ചൊല്ലുന്ന ഇവൾ. This female who is speaking.
പറക്കുന്നീച്ച—പറക്കുന്ന ൟച്ച, The fly that is flying.
തുടങ്ങുന്നുത്സവം—തുടങ്ങുന്ന ഉത്സവം. The feast that is com-
mencing.
അവൻ തുറക്കുന്നൂട്ടപുര—അവൻ തുറക്കുന്ന ഉട്ടപുര The
eating room that he is opening.
ഒടുന്നെലി—ഒടുന്ന എലി. The rat that is nunning.
ചെയ്യുന്നൈകമത്യം—ചെയ്യുന്ന ഐകമത്യം. The reconcili-
ation that is effecting.
വഞ്ചിക്കുന്നൊറ്റാളി—വഞ്ചിക്കുന്ന ഒറ്റാളി. The betrayer
who is deceiving.
അവൻ സെവിക്കുന്നൌഷധം—അവൻ സെവിക്കുന്ന
ഔഷധം. The medicine that he is drinking.
