MALAYALIM LANGUAGE. 45
word സ്ഥൻ; which literally means ഇരിക്കുന്നവൻ, He who is; or
sits; as,
| സ്വൎഗ്ഗം, | Heaven. | സ്വൎഗ്ഗസ്ഥൻ | Heavenly one, or He who is in heaven. |
| മദ്ധ്യം, | Middle. | മദ്ധ്യസ്ഥൻ | Mediator. |
RULE VI. Some words of this class omit ം, and add ഇ, which, in a
few cases, denote both Masculine and Feminine Gender; as പാപം
Sin; പാപി, Sinner, whether male or female, ജ്ഞാനം, Wisdom;
ജ്ഞാനി, Wise person; but in most instances of this kind, it is better to
use the form made with the participle and pronoun for the feminine; as,
ജ്ഞാനമുള്ളവൾ, A wise woman.
RULE VII. Other words of the same class are formed from neuter
nouns, and the Sanscrit word ശാലി; and some few by ആളി; as,
| പരാക്രമം, | Renown. | പരാക്രമശാലി, | Mighty man |
| നീതി, | Justice. | നീതിശാലി, | Just man. |
| തെര, | Carriage. | തെരാളി, | Coachman. |
| പട, | War. | പടയാളി, | Soldier. |
| ഇരപ്പ. | Beggary, | ഇരപ്പാളി, | Beggar. |
The feminine of such words are variously formed; as,
നീതിശാലി or നീതിയുള്ളവൾ, Just woman. The first form
in Sanscrit though now adapted into the Malayalim Language.
ഇരപ്പാളി. Signifies Male or Female Beggar.
RULE VIII. A few nouns denoting character, or quality, are formed
by the aid of ത്വം, affixed to words; in which case they are either abbre-
viated or not, according to the description of the words prefixed; as,
| ദൈവം, | God. | ദൈവത്വം, | Godhead. |
| മനുഷ്യൻ, | Man. | മനുഷ്യത്വം, | Manhood. |
| രാജാവ, | King. | രാജത്വം, | Regal Dominion. |
| മൃദു, | Soft. | മൃദുത്വം, | Softness. |
| ലഘു, | Light. | ലഘുത്വം, | Lightness, wanting weight. |
Some words of this class are formed from abstract nouns by omitting
the last letter of the noun and adding ത; as ശുദ്ധം, Holiness in
the abstract, come ശുദ്ധത, the character or quality of holiness.
| From | മലിനം, | comes | മലിനത, | Filthiness. |
| „ | ഹീനം, | „ | ഹീനത, | Vileness. |
