MALAYALIM LANGUAGE. 37
Vocative, which however, is for the most part, like the accusative, some-
times like the nominative, and in a few instances, denoted by the ter-
mination ആ, ൟ, or മെ, as,
| പുത്രാ, | Oh Son! |
| സ്വാമീ, | Oh Lord, or Sir! |
| ദൈവമെ, | Oh God! |
54. The particles that, in combination with nouns, form the different
cases, are as follows.
| SINGULAR. | PLURAL. | |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | കൾ, ക്കൾ, ങ്ങൾ, ർ, മാർ, ന്മാർ, ക്കന്മാർ. | |
| Gen. | ന്റെ, ഇന്റെ or ഉടെ. | ഉടെ. |
| Dat. | ന്ന, ക്ക | ക്ക. |
| Acc. | എ, യെ | എ. |
| 1st Ab. By. | ആൽ, | ആൽ. |
| 2nd ,, with. | ഒട. | ഒട. |
| 3rd ,, in. | ഇൽ. | ഇൽ. |
| 4th ,, from. | ഇൽനിന്ന. | ഇൽനിന്ന. |
55. Nouns whose nominative end in ം, drop that character; and add
ത്ത, to which the above signs, beginning with ഇന്റെ, are added for
the different cases. To most other nouns the signs are added to the
nominative in its full shape.
56. The letter വ, or യ, is often inserted for the sake of euphony:
other slight changes also take place, which will be fully illustrated by the
examples in the following chapter.
DECLENSION OF NOUNS.
57. There are five declensions of nouns, distinguished by the ending
of the nominative case.
| 1st. | Case, corresponds to the | Nominative, as, | ദൈവം. |
| 2nd. | .. .. .. .. | Accusative .. | ദൈവത്തെ. |
| 3rd. | .. .. .. | Ablative by, with, | ദൈവത്താൽ. |
| 4th. | .. .. .. .. | Dative to | ദൈവത്തിന്ന. |
| 5th. | .. .. .. | Ablative from | ദൈവത്തിൽനിന്ന. |
| 6th. | .. .. .. .. | Genitive of | ദൈവത്തിന്റെ. |
| 7th. | .. .. .. | Ablative in | ദൈവത്തിൽ. |
| 8th. | .. .. .. .. | Vocative | ദൈവമെ. |
