MALAYALIM LANGUAGE. 25
1st. ഉം is a connecting particle and means and, even, also. It never
stands alone, but is affixed to the word to which it belongs; as,
| അവനും, | from | അവൻ | He, | and | ഉം. |
| അവളും, | ,, | അവൾ | She, | ,, | ഉം. |
When combined with negative sentences it corresponds to the English
words neither, neither nor.
2nd. തന്നെ is the accusative singular of the reflective pronoun self,
see para: 60 on the subject of personal pronouns; but used as a particle it
follows nouns and pronouns in all cases and numbers; and is also affixed
to other particles: in such connexions it signifies very, in truth, and words
of a similar import; as,
ഞാൻ അപ്രകാരം തന്നെ പറഞ്ഞു.
I spake just so; or I spake in that very manner.
3rd. ഒ, Besides being the sign of interrogation, (see the permutation
of vowels on this letter,) is often used to render words emphatic, or in the
way of an appeal to the person addressed. It is always affixed to the word
with which it is connected; or a വ or യ is added to the word with
which it coalesces; as, വൊ, യൊ, thus ഇല്ലയൊ is it not so? i. e.
you know it is so.
4th. എല്ലൊ. A particle, of very common use, placed at the end of
sentences to denote an undisputed matter of fact; as, ഇന്നലെ മഴ
പെയ്തുവല്ലൊ, It rained yesterday. i. e. it is a fact with which we are
all acquainted.
5th. ഒളും, Until, as much as, as great as, as far as. This particle
is affixed to the nominative and dative cases of nouns, to pronouns, and
to the future tense of the indicative mood of verbs. It is sometimes
declined; as, ഒളത്തിന്ന, ഒളത്തെക്ക.
6th. മാത്രം, But, alone, only, solely, etc. This particle is affixed
to nouns in all cases, and sometimes to other particles. It is sometimes
used as a noun, and then means the whole, the entire thing.
32. The following particles, with a few exceptions hereafter to be
named, are affixed to verbs or participles; as,
Ε
