22 A GRAMMAR OF THE
2nd. പര. Sometimes in composition signifies completeness, but it
properly means, other, another, etc.; as,
പരലൊകം, Another or the other world; from പര and ലൊകം
world.
പരദെശി, Stranger; from പര and ദെശി Countryman.
3rd. സം. This particle, in composition, signifies completeness.
സംപൂൎണ്ണം or സമ്പൂൎണ്ണം complete, fulness; from സം and പൂ
ൎണ്ണം fulness.
4th. അതി, Beyond, in point of times, place, and degree. In compo-
sition it often implies, very much, exceedingly, etc.; as,
അതിവെദന, The greatest pain; from അതി and വെദന
Pain.
5th. പരി, About, around, also exceedingly etc.; as,
പരിതാപം, Excessive sorrow: from പരി and താപം Sorrow.
6th. അനു, After, in point of place, time, or degree. In composition
it often signifies, according to, in imitation of, behind, etc.; as,
അനുതാപം, Repentence; from അനു and താപം, Grief.
അനുഗമനം, Walking after; from അനു and ഗമനം, Walk.
7th. അഭി, Before, in time and place or opposite to; as,
അഭിമുഖമായിട്ട, Face to face; from അഭി and മുഖം, Face.
8th. വി, in connexion, has different and opposite meanings. as,
നാശം, Destruction, വിനാശം. Same meaning but more intense.
വിരൂപം, Shapelessness; from വി and രൂപം, Shape.
9th. നിർ or നിസ, in composition, gives a contrary meaning to
words, as,
| നിൎഭാഗ്യം, | Misfortune ; | from നിർ | and | ഭാഗ്യം, | Blessing, Luck. |
| നിരാശ്രയം | Distrust, Destitution; |
,, ,, | ,, | ആശ്രയം, | Trust. |
| നിസ്സാരം, | Worthlessness; | നിർ or നിസ | " | സാരം, | Essence, Importance. |
| നിൎഭ്ഭയം, | Fearlessness; | ,, | ,, | ഭയം, | Fear. |
In the last example the ഭ is doubled for the sake of sound.
