താൾ:CiXIV132a.pdf/432

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CXX

§ 301. 11) Thermo-electricity. If a plate of Bismuth and
one of Copper are soldered together so as to form a circuit and
one of the junctions is heated, we shall see, that a magnetic
needle moving on a pivot in the interior of the circuit, is de
flected; if the other junction is heated, deflection takes place
in the contrary direction. This proves that an electric current has
been produced by heating. The same will occur, if two other
metals are taken. If metals are combined in such a manner,
we call it a thermo-electric series. The strongest current
is caused by Bismuth and Antimony. These currents were dis
covered by Seebeck (in Berlin) 1821.

§ 302. 12) Animal electricity. There are fishes, which
like the voltaic pile are enabled to give electric strokes. The
most remarkable are the yellow narcissus (in the Mediterranean)
and the electric eel (in the land-seas of South America). The
electric organ of these animals consists of a vast number of discs,
piled up like the elements in the voltaic pile. But Nobili has
proved, that not only in these fishes-equipped with a special
electric apparatus-but in all living animals in the systems of
their muscles and nerves) electric currents can be found. So
after all Galvani was right in supposing, that muscles and nerves
are electromotors. As often as a nerve transmits a motion of its
muscle, these currents undergo a change.

§ 303. 18). There is also a Hypothesis about two electrical
fields, very much alike to that about the two magnetic fluids.
The electrical fluid is a subtle imponderable matter formed by
the union of the positive and negative fluid. As long as both
fluids are combined, the body is in its neutral state. By friction,
chemical action a. s. o. the neutral fluid is decomposed and the
two kinds are separated. According to the excess of the one
or the other of these two fluids the body will be either positively

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