താൾ:CiXIV132a.pdf/424

വിക്കിഗ്രന്ഥശാല സംരംഭത്തിൽ നിന്ന്
ഈ താളിൽ തെറ്റുതിരുത്തൽ വായന നടന്നിരിക്കുന്നു

CXIII

nected by a conductor (wire), the couple is closed. The elec
tricity flowing from copper to zinc is called the positive one, and
the end of the wire attached to the negative (copper) plate, where
positive electricity accumulates, is called the positive pole (elec
trode), the end of the other wire is called the negative pole
or electrode. 439.

§ 281. As to the electricity produced by fluids, we point
out the following laws:
1) All fluids make metals electric, even pure water elec
trifies zinc and platinum negatively.
2) They cannot be entered into the electromotive series
(§ 278). For as nitric acid electrifies zinc negatively, it should
stand in the series above zinc and should electrify copper still
more negatively; but as a fact copper shows positive electricity,
if connected with nitric acid.

§ 282. A series of voltaic elements may be arranged in
such a manner, that the zinc of one element, is connected with
the copper of another one a. s. o. This arrangement is called a
voltaic battery or galvanic battery. 439. But the currents in
these batteries rapidly diminish in intensity; hence constant
batteries, in which fluid elements are used, having been invent
ed, they may be used for a considerable length of time.

§ 283. The most effectual batteries are:
1) Daniell's battery: the two metals are copper and amal
gamated zinc: the liquids are a solution of sulphate of copper
and dilute sulphuric acid (or a solution of common salt).
2) Bunsen's battery, in which are used zinc and carbon
as solid substances, nitric acid and dilute sulphuric acid as
liquids.
3) Grove's battery (Physical Primer, page 121 ff.). The
outer vessel is partly filled with dilute sulphuric acid; in this a
plate of amalgamated zinc is immersed, this plate holds a porous

"https://ml.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=താൾ:CiXIV132a.pdf/424&oldid=191297" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്ന് ശേഖരിച്ചത്