താൾ:CiXIV132a.pdf/415

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CIII

metals, graphite, acids, water, snow, vegetables, animals. This explains
the attraction and repulsion in the cases mentioned in questions 421–424.

§ 258. The difference between both kinds of electricity
may even be rendered visible. On two places of a very smooth
cake of resin we cause to strike a positive and a negative spark,
powder those spots with semen lycopodii, and we shall see that
the positive spark will produce a radiant, the negative spark a
roundish figure. They are called Lichtenberg's Figures.

§ 259. The Way in which electricity is developed in bodies
by friction is this: when the bodies are rubbed together electri
city being present in all bodies (just as magnetism in magnetic
bodies) in a neutral state, this electricity is decomposed and in
both bodies (in the glass rod or the stick of sealing-wax and in
the flannel) the two electricities are developed: one body takes
the positive electricity (if a glass rod is used, this rod, if sealing-
wax is applied, the flannel), the other one the negative (in the
first case the flannel, in the second case the stick of sealing-
wax). 425.

§ 260. Electricity accumulates especially on the surfaces
of bodies and tends to pass over to adjacent bodies, this ten
sion (see § 256) of electricity increases with the quantity of
electricity. If the power is not too strong, the resistance of air,
especially of dry and dense air may balance it; if this resi
stance is overcome, electricity springs off with a crackling sound
and in the form of a bright spark (in doing so electric tension
will be neutralized). 426.

§ 261. Tension will be the stronger the drier and denser
the air is. In a vacuum the compensation of both electricities
takes place at a great distance, accompanied by a beautiful
luminous phenomenon.

The greater tension the greater the spark or the quantity
of electricity.

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