താൾ:CiXIV132a.pdf/359

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XLVII

If we take a glass cylinder and then, whilst pouring water in the
cylinder, make a tuning-fork vibrate, hold it over the cylinder
at a certain height from the water, the sound of the fork will be
strengthened. The sound of another tuning-fork yielding a
different sound, will not be strengthened at the same time (by
the same cylinder), which shows, that the column of air enclos
ed in the cylinder partakes of the vibrations of the tuning-fork,
emitting the same note.

§ 112. As to the vibrations of strings: The number of
vibrations in a second is inversely as the length and the diameter
of the string; thus the shorter and thinner a string, the greater
its number of vibrations, the higher the tune. 255.

Lagrage (1759) discoverd the following law:

M= √k/l r √d

(k means the stretching power, l the length of the string, r
its radius and d, the density of the material).

If a string at the end of the first of its four parts is support
ed or touched by the finger, the last fourth will produce a tone,
which is the second octave of the key-note produced by the
whole string (flageolet-tone or harmonic sound).

§ 113. In stringed instruments the sound is strengthened
by a sounding-box, both faces of which vibrate together
with the enclosed air. The vibrations of tones may even be render
ed visible by the so-called Chladni's Figures: We scatter some
sand upon a metal-plate or glass-plate and a violin bow is pass
ed smartly along the edge. The sand dances off and settles
itself in beautiful figures, which show places of vibration and of
no vibration.

§ 114. As to the wind-instruments is the wind is produc
ed either by simply blowing into the tubes or by bellows. With

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