താൾ:CiXIV132a.pdf/343

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XXXI

§ 74. The consequence of this is, that some bodies, the
pressure of which balances the buoyancy of water, remain in
suspension in any position in the liquid, others sink and others
float; see 155. A body is pressed upward by a pressure equal
to the weight of water, which it has displaced.

§ 75. This upward pressure or buoyancy is simply the
consequence of Pascal's law (§ 71, a). There is a cylinder (A)
dipped into water, on its whole surface it is exposed to the pres
sure of water, but the pressure on each side is counterbalanced
by the pressure of the opposite side. At the bottom of this
vessel there meet two pressures of a contrary direction, down
ward the weight of the cylinder (A) and the column of water
above the cylinder (B). The pressure upwards consists of the
weight of a column of water having the base of the cylinder and
the height equal to the distance between this base and the water
level (the pressure being proportional to the depth), hence it is
B and a column of water as big as A, we call it C, and the
pressure will be A + C. Now in case the cylinder dipped in
water would have the same specific weight as this column (A=C),
both pressures would be equal and the cylinder would neither
sink nor rise, but remain in suspension wherever it is. In case
A is heavier than C, A will sink, but the water will bear part of
its weight, for
A + B
- C + B
A - C, hence A, the cylinder, looses part of its
weight as great as C or the weight of the column of water is
placed by the cylinder.

Finally if A is lighter than C (lighter than water), A will
float, because the upward pressure (buoyancy) is stronger than
the pressure downward; such a body will sink so far, that the

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