താൾ:CiXIV132a.pdf/327

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XV

All cutting instruments are wedges (knife, scissors, plane
iron, chisel, hatchet and axe). Why do we use for log-wood an
axe with a somewhat blunt wedge and for cutting it into small
pieces one with a sharp wedge? Even nails, punchers and
needles are wedges.

§ 39. 3) The Screw. 119. Consisting of the male-screw
and the screw-nut. In laying a rectangular triangle (or an in
clined plane!) round a cylinder, the periphery of its base being
equal to the sides of the rectangular triangle, the hypotenuse
will form the worm of the screw (the height of which will be
equal to the other side). The elevations of the male-screw
fit into the spiral deepenings of the screw-nut. The resistance
acts upon the screw-nut, and as the force works in a horizontal
direction on the male-screw (see inclined plane b) and figure)
the formula will be: K= H/P . G (P being the circumference
of the male-screw or the base of the inclined plane).

Applications of the screw
are: corkscrew 120; screw of
steamers 121, 351, 7; book-
binder's press; it may also be
used for fastening one body to
another.

§ 40. 4) The Lever. 122. The parts of a lever are;—the
Fulcrum and the arms.

There are two kinds of Levers:

I. First: The fulcrum between the arm of power and the
arm of resistance.
a) The arms are equal (balance).
b) They are unequal (scissors).

II. Second: The fulcrum at the end of the lever.

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