III
from divisible parts to indivisible parts, is a leap from the physical to
the metaphysical world, which leap can be carried out only by belief (!).
This shows, that even the exact sciences cannot dispense with faith, not
even in laying the foundation for their systems.
§ 9. 5) Cohesion. 36–43. The force, which unites the
molecules of a body and resists the divisibility of matter. In
some bodies we see on the contrary an inclination of the
molecules (a perceivable cluster of atoms) to separate from
each other, which force may be called Repulsion or Expan
sion. This repulsion amongst the molecules can be explained
properly only by the supposition of the existence of an ether
atmosphere between the single atoms. Cohesion varying with
the nature of bodies, 38. 41. with the arrangement of their
molecules 39. 40. 42. and with their temperature 37.
§ 10. That force, by which the molecules of different ele
ments are attracted is called: "Chemical Affinity or Chemical
Attraction.” f.e. Oxygen and Hydrogen in forming water.
§ 11. The 3 states of matter caused by Cohesion or
Repulsion. (States of aggregation.)
a) Solids. Cohesion preponderates over repulsion.
b) Liquids: Cohesion is almost balanced by repulsion.
With their minimum of cohesion they form drops.
c) Gases. Repulsion or the force of heat preponderates
over cohesion.
Gases are either permanent or coercible; the former re
main gases, even if exposed to the greatest pressure and cold;
the latter may be liquified. In a transitional state we see vapours
and steam. Till recently Nitrogen, Asetic oxide and carburet
ted Hydrogen gas were considered permanent gases. (Faraday,
Graham, Sictet and Cailletet).
Remark. We know of no absolute liquid, this means of no body, in
which cohesion and repulsion would be exactly the same or in which
neither the one nor the other would prevail.
A*
